Personal Finance Curriculum And Video Series - 861 Words

Whew, where to start? The personal finance class, through Dame Ramsey’s Foundations in Personal Finance textbook and video series really had a lot of useful information, and it is hard to pick out the most impactful chapters and topics. However, I think the most important stuff for me was his five foundations for financial success, which were reinforced throughout the course. I am not downplaying the other important stuff in the course, including learning about the history of credit, budgeting, consumer awareness, investing, insurance, and taxes, but I think that mastering the fundamentals is important, which is why I am choosing to highlight them in this paper. The first foundation (at least for us teenagers) is to establish a $500 emergency fund. For adults, the recommended amount is 3-6 months of expenses, but the principle remains the same. The emergency fund allows you to always have money to cover surprise expenses, avoiding having to go into debt during an emergency sit uation. To do this, you simply create a bank account separate from your regular checking or savings accounts, put money in, and only bring money out of it in the most dire of situations. It may be tempting to use that money for some kind of fancy investment, but you should think of it as more of an insurance than an investment. As for how I am applying this to my life, I have set aside $600 in the bank (away from my regular account) that I will not touch until there is a large enough emergency toShow MoreRelatedThe Financial Management Course Offered At The Benedictine University1860 Words   |  8 Pagesthe stakeholders investment. A few months ago I had the opportunity to enroll and complete an online financial management course at the Benedictine University. The course was taught by one of the proficient professors in the department of finance. Even though I have taken other online courses prior to this class, this particular course is worth analyzing because it was taught by a professor that loves teaching and his love for teaching was apparent in the way he interacted with students. InRead MoreTeen Pregnancy and Sex Education Essay1794 Words   |  8 Pagesmothers are more likely to participate in deviant acts. The Reality Series MTV Networks decided to document the controversial subject of teen pregnancy in the documentary series 16 and Pregnant (see fig1.). Each episode follows the life of a teenage as she goes through growing pains, adolescences while pregnant. No one story is alike. Each offers a different look into a variety of challenges teen moms will face including, finances, high school graduation, and adoption (or whether to raise the child)Read MoreFunctional Areas in Business1844 Words   |  8 PagesTask 1: Research different functional areas, provide definitions of each of these functions: * Customer Servise Customer service is the provision of service to customers before, during and after a purchase. Customer service is a series of activities designed to enhance the level of customer satisfaction – that is, the feeling that a product or service has met the customer expectation. Its importance varies by products, industry and customer; defective or broken merchandise can be exchangedRead MoreLearning Management System1949 Words   |  8 Pagesperformance of users and manages learners across different training objectives and in the identification and assessment of individual and organizational training goals. DEFINITION OF TERMS Animation A  simulation  of movement created by displaying a series of pictures, or frames. Animation starts with independent pictures and puts them together to form the illusion of continuous motion. Course Management Support to span multiple class sessions across an entire course with common goals, adding toolsRead MoreEssay about Uop Library Manual7804 Words   |  32 PagesLeadership Library on the Internet, MarketLine Business Information Center, Mergent BondViewer, Mergent Online, Mergent’s Investordge, Morningsta, Plunkett Research Online, ProQuest Accounting and Tax, ProQuest Historical Annual Reports, ProQuest Snapshot Series 6) Country Profiles and Economic Data†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦14-17 Balance of Payments Statistics, CountryWatch, Culturegrams, Direction of Trade Statistics, EIU Country Data, EIU Country Intelligence, EIU Market Indicators amp; ForecastsRead MoreApa Writing Style and Mechanics7913 Words   |  32 Pagesentire document. The APA Sample Paper provided by the Center for Writing Excellence represents the consensus of several deans and other key academic officials within Apollo Group. The sample paper attempts to match APA style to the University s curriculum and academic services. Nevertheless, in advanced matters of style and formatting, differing interpretations of APA guidelines exist. While this sample paper is offered as a tool to help students with APA style, it is not a definitive or bindingRead MoreSchool Management12126 Words   |  49 Pagesother. This should be something which the school and department leadership should model. Schools which reward intra- and inter-departmental sharing will see a huge increase in the quality of classroom teaching. It is a proven fact that an integrated curriculum is more effective for the student than learning each topic in isolation 9. Communication Is Honest and Frequent The school leadership in a quality school provides teachers, staff, students, and parents with frequent communication about what is happeningRead MoreThe Walt Disney Control Factors4105 Words   |  17 Pagesapproach assures that all employees know and behave as if they were on stage [meaning that they are always on display]. This is [considered a] high standard, yet it is consistently achieved at Disney [because of their vision] (Free, 2007). From my personal experience of attending a few YES (Youth Education Service) Program leadership conferences at Disney World this past spring break I saw this philosophy first hand and heard it from some of the â€Å"cast† members themselves. The Performance Art DirectorRead MoreDarden Mba Resumes16768 Words   |  68 PagesEDUCATION Darden Graduate School of Business Administration University of Virginia Candidate for Master of Business Administration, May 2011 ï‚ · Awarded Batten Innovation Scholarship (merit-based full tuition sch olarship); ï‚ · GMAT: 730; AWA: 5.5 ï‚ · Member of Finance Club, Energy Club and Darden Capital Management Club Charlottesville, VA Nanyang Technological University Singapore Bachelor of Engineering (Computer Engineering) and Minor in Business, June 2006 ï‚ · Awarded full scholarship (among top 50 from overRead MoreSMSC12647 Words   |  51 Pageschild Spiritual, Moral, Social and Cultural development January 2006 Contents 1 Introduction 3 2 Spiritual Development 4 3 Moral Development 8 4 Social Development 12 5 Cultural Development 15 6 SMSC across the curriculum 19 7 Assessing SMSC in the primary school 27 8 Citizenship in secondary schools 34 9 The Christian ethos of the school and sex and relationships education 38 10 Resources and websites 39 1 Introduction Since the 1988 Education reform

The Poverty Of The United States - 959 Words

Introduction â€Å"Poverty in America!† These words really sound conflicting and mismatched. The U.S.A. is assumed to be a land where numerous growth and development opportunities are available in a gross amount. It is a nation with prodigious and abundance resources, ability and materials which enables people to live and fulfil their dreams. The prevalence of poverty in this country is hard to believe, but unfortunately it is a fact (Rank, 2004). There are many people in the U.S.A. who cannot afford their primary needs and health care. They do not have homes and many of them, sleep under a bridge or benches at a park, single mothers living in a very small space with her children and adults having very less earnings (Kowalski, 2003). There are several working families which can be categorized in the list of below the poverty line. Views about poverty Individualistic, structuralist and fatalistic views are believed to be three root-causes of poverty. According to individualistic behaviour, the personal characteristics are responsible for the issue of poverty (Poverties, 2012). The defaults of socioeconomic systems are viewed as causes of poverty in structuralist behaviour. Moreover, the believers of fatalistic views stated that the destiny and luck of an individual determines different phases of his life. The people belonging to high income group supports the individualistic views, while according to people belonging to low income group, the strains of social and economicShow MoreRelatedThe Poverty Of The United States1727 Words   |  7 PagesPoverty defined by the American Heritage Dictionary is â€Å"lack of the means of providing material needs or comforts† (Hirokazu Yoshikawa, 2012). Poverty in the United States is an issue that is often times overlooked because the focus of poverty is on developing and struggling cou ntries. People often think America does not experience poverty because it is such a thriving country. The problem with this is that America is indeed struggling with poverty: â€Å"there are currently 488 counties in America whereRead MoreThe Poverty Of The United States1548 Words   |  7 Pagescitizens in poverty has risen. Several organizations have been set up to help those who suffer from poverty and provide their everyday needs. There are always ways where a community can help eliminate the amount of people suffering poverty. Government has an influence on how much money flow there is in the United States such as the FED, which was created to help maintain a stable monetary and financial system and control the money supply. People themselves can also help from falling into poverty, butRead MorePoverty Of The United States1408 Words   |  6 PagesWhen people hear the word poverty many people think of the bad connotations that come with it like, smelly homeless people th at are crackheads and disease holders. Some people may even think they are uneducated or not hard working enough and rather ask for money instead of trying to get a job. Although a small portion of that may be true to some homeless people due to addictions on drugs and the toll it takes on their lives. The majority of homeless people are either veterans or immigrants, who findRead MorePoverty in the United States755 Words   |  4 PagesPoverty in the United States is getting in inferior quality every day and nothing is being done about it. Many people who want to help the poor, but no one knows exactly how to help them. A primary reason for people not taking action is because of lack of information that is provided about issues on poverty. Poverty is defined as the state of one who lacks a usual or socially acceptable amount of money or material possessions. According to the U.S. Census Bureau data released Tuesday September 13thRead MorePoverty Of The United States Essay1369 Word s   |  6 PagesPoverty within the United States is defined as â€Å"having an income below a federally determined poverty threshold. † Poverty thresholds were developed by the United States government in the 60s. Over time these thresholds are adjusted to account for inflation; it is typical to adjust the poverty threshold levels annually. They represent the government’s estimate of the point below which a family has insufficient resources to meet their basic needs. Any family with less income than that establishedRead MoreThe Poverty Of The United States Essay1385 Words   |  6 Pages The Character of Poverty in America Poverty has always been a key factor in United States History. Ever sense Americas birth there have been groups affected by poverty, but the forms of the poverty that affected these groups have changed as well as the nature of poverty itself in the USA. The abolition of slavery, the forced assimilation of native Americans, and mass immigration changed character of poverty within the united states change due to an evolution from agriculture to industry and a changeRead MoreThe Poverty Of The United States1531 Words   |  7 Pagessuch dialog, topics on the increasing and rather consistent levels of poverty in some regions in America are touched on as well. Poverty is defined as a condition where one’s basics needs for food, clothing, and shelter are not being met (What Is Poverty? â€Å"). From sea to shining sea, more than 15 percent of the American population live in poverty, a total of people over 46 million. Many who live in poverty within the United States live in areas that were once thriving from the country’s economic growthRead MoreThe Poverty Of The United States1746 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is poverty? A question most Americans will not have to think twice before answering. Poverty is, of course, simply a lack of money. The views of a specific person will defer when politics or morals are introduced, however, the idea stays the same. Those in poverty are there because they have less money than what has been decided to be livable. Poverty has changed significantly over the last two hundred years in the United States, and yet, the measurement has hardly changed since it was createdRead MorePoverty Of The United States1475 Words   |  6 Pages â€Æ' Poverty in the United States is defined as a social problem. As outlined in the text, a social problem is â€Å"a condition that undermines the well-being of some or all members of a society and is usually a matter of public controversy†. It is easy to see that there is a large economic divide in the United States, but with only a small percentage of people in the highest income stratification and the vast majority struggling to get by, the majority of United States citizens agree that there is tooRead MorePoverty in the United States1061 Words   |  5 PagesThe Background of Poverty in America In the United States, there are about more than forty-six million people living in impoverished conditions today. Poverty is a major conflict issue in this country amongst people who are part of the lower class because American families always had a hard time making ends meet, even before the Great Recession began. Living in poverty puts them at a disadvantage because they have to choose between necessitates like health care, child care, and food in order to

Creative Writing Workshop for Public High Schools Free Essays

Creativeness is a natural gift that one possesses even from his or her birth and which requires constant use or exercise and continued development for it to remain spirited and change for the better. Organizing and implementing an effective workshop on creative writing will be beneficial to a particular group of people targeted to be well-informed on how to write short and long stories as well as narratives. This Creative Writing Workshop was specifically designed and programmed for public high school students across the country because of the small involvement and appreciation of creative writing. We will write a custom essay sample on Creative Writing Workshop for Public High Schools or any similar topic only for you Order Now This activity also aims to make writing and reading a beneficial act, if not a force habit, for the said students and eventually make creating writing and reading a requirement in public high schools’ curriculum. This Creative Writing Workshop and Activities in United Kingdom is for public high school students with various interests such as intellectual institutions, commercial enterprise, the arts, natural and social sciences and other services which will suit one’s preference. Whether the high school student is just beginning or already a seasoned writer and just like to extend his or her creative writing in new perspective, this practical workshop is programmed to offer a sense and appreciation of different genres. We are in charge of a broad scope of creative writing and literature. Our yearly programme and production of publications that includes a website, a range of modern creative writing references, and internet sites showcase creative writing versions, details on modern creative writers and an online reading associations. Our latest preference and the focus of areas of activities are the promotion and development of creative writing for young people such as high school students in public high schools. This is because these soon-to-be creative writing students, when properly groomed and guided, will definitely represent an advance level in the evolution of their group. This new breed of creative writers may replace coffee and computer houses with conference venues and will expect regular and above average paychecks in the future. Furthermore, this workshop intends that participants from public secondary institutions will eventually turn to be more advantageous in their writing development compared with their counterparts in the private high schools. Patterned from the Brighton, England’s THE SOUTH, a writer’s network and literary arts agency whose service includes creative writing, this Creative Writing Workshop was proposed for the use of public high school students. This particular program will be spearheaded by professional creative and literary writer who are seasoned in dealing with young people. Types of Workshop The literary genre of Poetry, creative writing and reading or skill workshops and activities that will help a public high school student is the composition of this type of workshop. The workshop will concentrate on particular writers, or specific literary genres, or about genres, or on various topics or demands which include the natural science, the aspect of safe reproduction practice, family aspect, teachers (or the manner of teaching), substance abuse, neighborhood crime and racialism. In particular, the workshop will deal with specific or single workshops or a scope of actions as part of the Creative Writing Week as well as a combination of a media and transverse art form workshops to arouse one’s creativeness utilizing one’s literary or expressed statements celebration. One’s writing techniques and skill will be developed and improved by employing a curriculum which will focus on creative reading and writing workshops and where every public high school student’s needs can be addressed. Additionally, the workshop will touch on creative writing classes for faculty members, study-support personnel and specific public school rooms associates. Meanwhile, the plan study includes the Writers-in-Residence Project which will give the participants effective creative writing skills and techniques, the pleasure of discovering oneself, and a memorable and fruitful experience with the writing procedures. The said project is a five-month program immersing public high school students in the reasoning, imagining, and creation of thoughts that composes a powerful creative writing work. The project is open to concerned and interested secondary students who have presented a unique ability and skill and interested in advancing them to create a full-length and published works. This Writer-in-Residence programme eases the work of a creative writer both in practical and financial aspects. The position can be practiced from 6 months up to a year. During this time the writer is inspired to create another creative writing that may be presented when the residency ends. The residency in a way helps or returns something to the society where he or she stayed such as workshop activities, writers associations, and conception of creative work invigorated by the community. The residency invites all creative writers, published or not, regardless of race, religion, nationality, age, professional experience, sexual preference, are of residence, or economic status. All residents are chosen primarily on the aspect of the anonymous details and writing samples provided in their applications. For more information on the selection process, please see ____. Workshop schedule (day and venue) The group is glad to work in a manner that best fits one’s preference and according to the day, time, and venue that work for the high school participant. The various activities within the workshop can be done in one’s school venue, secondary institution or centre. It can also be conducted at a different place such as a depository area, art gallery, historic dwelling, or place for travelers. The workshop’s theme can be developed according to the preference of the venue. This can be scheduled during the period when high school students are on their term paper or project processing, during holidays, and in time of normal or off school and office hours. The workshop can also gather functions for little group (maximum of 10 high school students) in a designated Workshop Room at any public high school. Participants including the faculty members can engage in our regular programme of open workshops and may join our socialization plan. Rationale of the workshop Generally, people are conscious of the fact that communication, particularly that is intended for print, is personally owned by a specific person. However, others regard books and print materials as unrealistic to ignite one’s creativity or they fail to capture one’s vision. This is because they find that they do not have the time to attest to their own precept of creative writing. Purpose of the workshop Through this workshop, we aim that any public high school student, regardless of his or her age and heritage, could have the opportunity to be endowed and enriched by creative writing. For them to be able to show their real personalities, either verbally or in print, and deal with their ideas and emotion. We intend that the participants will have the expertise to claim language and own their own works and to build and search their respective attributes. We make a harmless area where high school students’ expressions get a boost for them to enjoy the written and verbal creative writings and for the said participants to get out of their comfort zones and emerge as expert creative writers. Effect of the workshop Dealing and being into a work place with professional and seasoned creative writers will definitely have a compelling effect on the participants, both the high school students and their teachers. Getting away from the traditional method of learning, the participants will have the chance to experience and search for examples of good and effective creative writing. The workshop will open an opportunity and lead the participants to the force of creative writing as well as reading and make himself or herself as someone with authority who can excite others about the beauty of creative writing without antagonizing the audience. Aside from the high school students, their teachers can also benefit as they will emerge renewed with fresh thoughts on the process of creative writing. Procedure For this workshop, we propose a procedure that will assure that students will get maximum benefits from the activities in terms of creative arousal, self-manifestation, mentoring, learning details, self-esteem and publication productions. We will invite practitioners in the field of creative writing as the resource speakers or facilitators of the workshop. The speakers will conduct theoretical discussions to be followed by open forum where the participants and the speakers can discuss the merits of the activities. The participants will also be given time to apply the workshop’s principles and theories. Requirement and result The workshop will necessitate careful study of particular requirement and result and will request participants to accomplish a survey/report paper. Then, we will eventually give an acceptable and flexible workshop proposal with appropriate recommendations. Since seeing a creative work put into print means accomplishment and boost to one’s ability, the workshop proposes the provision of all required assistance for actual performance in the activities and eventual publication of the works. These may include the plan and publication of participants’ collection of creative writing papers and their video presentation. Similar successful workshops Successful workshops with similar programs involving creative writing, literary/poetry recital, video productions of dance and street arts workshops as well as in museums and galleries at different public high schools and communities are found in Hove, Sussex and the south of England and those creative writing and drawing workshops at Brighton. Price of the workshop The workshop charges a minimum of ?500. However, for the specific requirement of a particular group of high school students, we will request them to contact us for a detailed costing so that the financial proposal will fit into your project. For inquiries, you can reach us at (proposed name, contact numbers and online information about the organization facilitating the creative writing workshop). How to cite Creative Writing Workshop for Public High Schools, Papers

A Mothers Influence Essay Example For Students

A Mothers Influence Essay From the moment someone is born, they are influenced by their surroundings. Perhaps the most substantial of these influences are the people they come into contact with; teachers, friends, strangers, co-workers and most importantly, family. My mother drew me to the medical field and my love and fascination of childbirth has led me to focus on becoming a labor and delivery nurse. When I was four my mom became a licensed practical nurse. I remember attending her graduation and knew that she gave people medicine and helped them. My mom inspired my father to also become a nurse, and shortly after her graduation he began his studies. I could never imagine at that age that I would follow their footsteps in my adult years. After my dad graduated, both of my parents worked in a childrens nursing home in Wabash. They worked doubles every weekend so my brother and I would usually stay with our grandparents. Sometimes my mom would let me stay home and ride to work with her. I would go in for shift change and ride back home with my dad. It was during this time that I met and befriended many of the patients. My parents taught me what the different machines and devices were used for. At seven I knew what a trach and g-tube were for. This was not general knowledge for someone as young as I was, but learning about all of the devices fascinated me and I was eager to learn more. After several years both of my parents switched from working in a facility to home health care. This meant they would go to a clients house to care for them. Often times the kids would come to our house and stay for the weekend. This allowed me to observe and and sometimes help with the everyday medical needs of the kids. In doing this, I learned a lot about life and the struggles these families faced in caring for a special needs child. Being enveloped in the treatment and care of the patients gave me the knowledge needed in the care of my own children when they become sick or get hurt. Because of my upbringing, I knew I wanted to be a nurse at a young age. There are so many career options in nursing and I want to help people. Helping others is something I enjoy and it makes me feel good. Like my parents, I initially wanted to help special needs patients, but after the less than perfect birth of my first child I decided that my calling was to be a labor and delivery nurse. Childbirth is something that fascinates me. It is amazing and beautiful to witness and it would be an extremely fulfilling career to assist parents in the birth of their child on a daily basis. I have already learned so much about labor and delivery through my own research and experiences. I am a self proclaimed labor and delivery junkie so to say. Aside from having a good doctor, there is nothing better than having an exceptional nurse who knows exactly what you are experiencing and feeling. There is always that one nurse who goes above and beyond, who is unforgettable and leaves a lasting impression. I understand how a new mother feels, I can be that nurse. I have worked in the healthcare field for 10 years, but have only recently begun pursuing my dream of becoming a nurse. Life happened and I never took the time to focus on myself or to find my true calling and who I really was. My mom has told me how hard it will be, especially since I have three kids, but I think back to my formative years and how she, and eventually my dad, were able to do it. Likewise, my grandma was a teacher for over 30 years before she returned to school to become a nurse at the age of 65. They have all shown me that nothing is impossible with hard work and dedication. I believe my early introduction to the medical field will give me an advantage in my studies, and I thank my mom for being the one to introduce all of us to the medical field. .u8f7e470407f8ef12b2a5c28aff52c92d , .u8f7e470407f8ef12b2a5c28aff52c92d .postImageUrl , .u8f7e470407f8ef12b2a5c28aff52c92d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8f7e470407f8ef12b2a5c28aff52c92d , .u8f7e470407f8ef12b2a5c28aff52c92d:hover , .u8f7e470407f8ef12b2a5c28aff52c92d:visited , .u8f7e470407f8ef12b2a5c28aff52c92d:active { border:0!important; } .u8f7e470407f8ef12b2a5c28aff52c92d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8f7e470407f8ef12b2a5c28aff52c92d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8f7e470407f8ef12b2a5c28aff52c92d:active , .u8f7e470407f8ef12b2a5c28aff52c92d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8f7e470407f8ef12b2a5c28aff52c92d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8f7e470407f8ef12b2a5c28aff52c92d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8f7e470407f8ef12b2a5c28aff52c92d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8f7e470407f8ef12b2a5c28aff52c92d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8f7e470407f8ef12b2a5c28aff52c92d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8f7e470407f8ef12b2a5c28aff52c92d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8f7e470407f8ef12b2a5c28aff52c92d .u8f7e470407f8ef12b2a5c28aff52c92d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8f7e470407f8ef12b2a5c28aff52c92d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Economics Essay QuestionsI think back and wish I would have began my studies at a younger age before I had children and household responsibilities, but I believe everything happens for a reason. I am more mature and focused than I was when I had my first child. I am looking forward to this chapter in my life and seeing where this journey will take me. I know this is going to be a long road with struggles, bumps and roadblocks, but Im ready to tackle it head on and prove what I am capable of. I can only hope that I influence my own children in the same way that my mother influenced me.

Concept and History of the Liberal Feminism

The Great Cascadia Earthquake of 2xxx

The Great Cascadia Earthquake of 2xxx Cascadia is Americas own tectonic version of Sumatra, where the magnitude 9.3 earthquake and tsunami of 2004 occurred. Stretching off the Pacific shore from northern California some 1300 kilometers to the tip of Vancouver Island, the Cascadia subduction zone appears capable of its own magnitude 9 earthquake. What do we know about its behavior and its history? What would that great Cascadia earthquake be like? Subduction Zone Earthquakes, Cascadia and Elsewhere Subduction zones are places where one lithospheric plate plunges beneath another (see Subduction in a Nutshell). They create three kinds of earthquakes: those within the upper plate, those within the lower plate, and those between the plates. The first two categories can include large, damaging quakes of magnitude (M) 7, comparable to the Northridge 1994 and Kobe 1995 events. They can damage whole cities and counties. But the third category is what concerns disaster officials. These great subduction events, M 8 and M 9, can release hundreds of times more energy and damage wide regions inhabited by millions of people. They are what everybody means by the Big One. Earthquakes get their energy from strain (distortion) built up in rocks from the stress forces along a fault (see Earthquakes in a Nutshell). Great subduction events are so large because the fault involved has a very large surface area on which rocks gather strain. Knowing this, we can easily find where the worlds M 9 earthquakes happen by locating the longest subduction zones: southern Mexico and Central America, South Americas Pacific coast, Iran and the Himalaya, western Indonesia, eastern Asia from New Guinea to Kamchatka, the Tonga Trench, the Aleutian Island chain and Alaska Peninsula, and Cascadia. Magnitude-9 quakes differ from smaller ones in two distinct ways: they last longer and they have more low-frequency energy. They dont shake any harder, but the greater length of shaking causes more destruction. And the low frequencies are more effective at causing landslides, damaging large structures and exciting water bodies. Their power to move water accounts for the fearsome threat of tsunamis, both in the shaken region and on coastlines near and far (see more on tsunamis). After the strain energy is released in great earthquakes, whole coastlines may subside as the crust relaxes. Offshore, the ocean floor may rise. Volcanoes may respond with their own activity. Low-lying lands may turn to mush from seismic liquefaction and widespread landslides may be triggered, sometimes creeping along for years afterward. These things may leave clues for future geologists. Cascadias Earthquake History Studies of past subduction earthquakes are inexact things, based on finding their geologic signs: sudden changes of elevation that drown coastal forests, disturbances in ancient tree rings, buried beds of beach sand washed far inland and so on. Twenty-five years of research has determined that Big Ones affect Cascadia, or large parts of it, every few centuries. Times between events range from 200 to about 1000 years, and the average is around 500 years. The most recent Big One is rather well dated, although no one in Cascadia at the time could write. It occurred around 9 p.m. on 26 January 1700. We know this because the tsunami it generated struck the shores of Japan the next day, where the authorities recorded the signs and damages. In Cascadia, tree rings, oral traditions of the local people and geologic evidence support this story. The Coming Big One Weve seen enough recent M 9 earthquakes to have a good idea of what the next one will do to Cascadia: they struck inhabited regions in 1960 (Chile), 1964 (Alaska), 2004 (Sumatra) and 2010 (Chile again). The Cascadia Region Earthquake Workgroup (CREW) recently prepared a 24-page booklet, including photos from historic quakes, to bring the dreadful scenario to life: Strong shaking will last for 4 minutes, killing and injuring thousands.A tsunami up to 10 meters high will wash over the coast within minutes.Much of coastal Route 101 will be impassable due to wave and landslide damage.Parts of the coast will be cut off from inland cities when the roads are buried. Roads through the Cascades may likewise be blocked.For rescue, first aid, and immediate relief most places will be on their own.Utilities and transportation in the I-5/Highway 99 corridor will be disrupted for months.Cities may have significant fatalities as tall buildings collapse.Aftershocks will continue for years, some of them large earthquakes in themselves. From Seattle on down, Cascadian governments are preparing for this event. (In this effort they have much to learn from Japans Tokai Earthquake program.) The work ahead is enormous and will never be finished, but all of it will count: public education, setting up tsunami evacuation routes, strengthening buildings and building codes, conducting drills and more. The CREW pamphlet, Cascadia Subduction Zone Earthquakes: A magnitude 9.0 earthquake scenario, has more.

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BSN - RN nursing - Research Paper Example The objective of this essay is to critically analyze BSN-RN nursing profession with regard to the nature, the scope and the qualifications required for the job along with reviewing the advantages and the disadvantages associated with the profession. The scope BSN-RN nursing is increasingly proving to be on a positive trend all across the globe. It has been estimated that during the period 2006 to 2016, a total a number of around 587,000 new job opportunities will be created in this profession (BLS, 2009). This projection within itself highlights the scope of Registered Nurses. Moreover this estimation proves nursing to be the sector to have the maximum of job opportunities in the mentioned period. The scope of the job is further reiterated as the in May 2006, the annual median earnings of Registered Nurses were $ 57280 (BLS, 2009). As far as the nature of the job is concerned, 59% of the BSN-RN nurses are placed in hospitals. The other avenues of work include home nursing and facilities like aged care and child care. In general, Registered Nurses work in Employment services, General medical and surgical hospitals, Home health care services, Offices of physicians and Nursing care facilities Florence Nightingale has opined that the role of nursing is catalyzing the process of natural healing (Nightingale,1860). The generic responsibilities of a nurse include treating and educating the patients on medical conditions and to support the doctors in the clinical practices. They also provide emotional support to the patients and to the family members (BLS, 2009). The records on the medical history and the treatment schedule including the diagnosis, symptoms, medical test results etc are recorded and maintained by nurses. The operation of the clinical machineries and relevant monitoring also includes in the responsibility of a Registered

Theories of Motivation in Business Management

Theories of Motivation in Business Management Motivation is the factors that determine the grounds for engagement in a particular behavior by a person or persons. It attached with the beginning, route, the level of involvement and the sustaining at a particular level of behavior of a person. The grounds for a particular behavior may include the determinants which are varying from basic human needs to higher level of social needs. Motivation can be reflected through the energy and commitment of the individual or group to perform a certain task or tasks (Joseph 1989). The employee motivation is a crucial factor for every business at a same or sometimes at a higher level with compared to other businesses. It affects the every aspects of the business. The basic level of the motivation is reflected by the hard working work force. At this stage the productivity will be high and hence the cost of labor per unit will be reduced. However the mere improvements in productivity will not be the single factor that a firm can achieve by motivating its workforce. Motivated employees are performing to a high standard level of performance where favorable impacts over the customer satisfaction and the shareholder value can be gained. The motivated employees are less likely to engage in industrial actions or such other violence actions against the company. The employee conflicts and grievances may lower. Further the motivated employees would work effectively under minimum supervision. They will be enthusiastically learning new things relating to their jobs that wou ld enhance the quality of performance. Building or creating motivated employee force is a difficult task by which a high amount of effort and money are absorbed. More importantly the culture, leadership style and the management style affect the employee motivation. Therefore the motivated employee force is becoming a competitive source to the company. There are various theories that are built regarding employee motivation. Various philosophers have presented various models on employee motivation. Their efforts and numerous case studies on this topic show the importance of the subject matter to the todays business context. This assignment will present an introduction of those theories and the practice of those theories in the todays business environment with relevant case studies. Motivation Theories There are several theories of motivation of various philosophers such as Abraham Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Theory, Herzbergs Two Factor Theory, Douglas McGregors Theory X and Theory Y, Kurt Lewins Force Field Theory, Victor Vrooms Expectancy Theory, F.W. Taylors Scientific Management, etc. At lower levels of the Maslows hierarchy of Needs theory the monetary benefits are considered to be the motivation factor. At the higher level of the hierarchy factors such as social respect, recognition, sense of belonging and empowerment are powerful than the monetary factor of motivation. Accordingly Maslow suggested that the money is a lowest important factor as a motivator of employees. McGregor has included money in his Theory X category and explained it as a poor motivator and in theory Y category he has placed social recognition and praise suggesting that they are strong motivators other than money. This section of the assignment will present explanations of those important theories of motivation before understand the practical usage of those theories to generate a motivated workforce (Werther and Davis 1985). Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Theory This theory composed of two parts; classification of human needs and relating classes to each other. The classes of needs are as follows. The theory explains the order of the fulfilling needs as follows. Person begin from the bottom line of the hierarchy and will try to satisfy the very basic physical needs of hunger, thirsty, shelter, etc. When he has satisfied these needs then they are not motivators further. Hence he moves upward of the hierarchy. Then the person would seek for the safety at work, job security, etc to ensure his survival at workplace. Having ensured that he is safe his curiosity then will search for social needs such as belongingness, love, friendships, etc. the person would seek for colleagues to work with, share information, team work, communication, etc. Then the esteem needs will come forward. This is the need for being praised, given recognition or evaluation for a job well-done. The people normally seek for respect of others while sharing the happy and sorrow. Self-actualization is the way a person perceives himself. It measured by the extent of success and the amount of challenge of work. There are several problems attached with this model where as it has greater potential to appeal in the business world such as, It is no clear when would be a certain level is considered as satisfied Individuals may respond differently regarding the same need Sometimes individual behavior reflects the reaction for more than one need Model has ignored several conditions such as bearing a low-pay by an employee expecting future benefits Some critics argue that this model explain the behavior of middle-class workers in UK and USA (Forshaw and Korn 2010) Herzbergs Two Factor Theory This is a content theory of motivation whereas the main theory is the Maslow Hierarchy of Needs. Herzberg carried out a research utilizing 200 engineers and accountants. They were asked to memorize the situations when that they felt positive or negative feelings at their job and the reasons there of. According to his findings he presented a two-steps approach to understand employee motivation and satisfaction which are called as Hygiene factors and Motivator factors. There are several factors that can be used to eliminate the unpleasant working conditions at work. These fcators are called a Hygeine factors. These factors may include one or all of the following factors. Working conditions Company policies Administration Quality and the way of supervision Eetent of inter-personal relationships Salaries, wages and other financial benefits The job security The individuals need for personal growth determines the motivaor factors of the particular person. Motivator factors actively create job satisfaction when they exist. If those factors are effective then the individuals performance would be of above-average. The motivator factors may, Opportunity for growth in the job Entrusted responsibility Social status Recognition among others Challenging work Sense of achievement (Stephen 2002) Herzberg model more identical to the Maslows theory yet it focus specially on the higher levels of the hierarchy of needs. The factors in the lower level of the hierarchy are considered as generating dissatisfaction only when they are not met with. Motivator factors are specific to the job itself such as how interesting the work is and how much of responsibility whether it assumes. The hygiene factors are considering the factors that are related to the environment of the job such as the safety working environment and the resources to complete the job assigned. These factors facilitate or able the employees to perform the job rather motivate to do the job with an extra effort and interest. Herzberg identified pay as a Hygiene factor. According to his theory the businesses are required to adopt the democratic approaches to motivate employees. These approaches may include one or more of the followings. Job Enlargement: Employees are given a range of tasks that are in various areas of the business or fields. However these tasks must not assume much responsibility if so the motivation to the tasks would less. Job Enrichment: this assigns the employees with more complex tasks which are attached with the completion of full work unit. The tasks will be of more challenging and interesting. And at the end the employee will feel a sense of achievement. Employee Empowerment: Here the employees are delegated with more power to make decisions on the areas attached to their jobs. The responsibility of the decisions made also to be held by them. (Musselwhite 2004) F.W. Taylors Scientific Management Taylor has formed several assumptions about the human behavior at work base on observations of the research he carried out participating US steelworkers. Man is a rational economic animal who concerned with maximizing his economic growth. People respond as individuals and not as groups. People can be treated as standardized machines Taylor simply described that the motivation factor of people at work is money. He suggested that the pay based on the rates produced by an each worker will induce him to produce more and more to earn more. Further the employees who do not achieve target of a daily production should be paid less in order to induce them to meet daily target. And the employees who exceed the target production should be paid more to induce them to keep that productivity and to motivate others. Accordingly managers job is to tell the employees what to do and the employees target is to complete that and to be paid according to their production (Tripathi 1991) When presenting this theory Taylor has ignored that there are many individual differences which would affect the motivator factors of the employees. However his methods were highly implemented by the business world which experienced a higher productivity and lower unit cost. It also gave the beginning kick to the mass production. Workers were unhappy with the Taylors methods since it assigned them with boring, repetitive work that required them to effort greatly to maximize the earnings. The employees were treated as machines and business people redounded employees as the productivity grew. These situations lead many industrial disputes and industrial actions by the workers (Mathis and Jackson 2000). This model is closely related with the autocratic leadership style. Douglas McGregors Theory X and Theory Y This theory presents two extremes of the behavior of people at work as theory X and theory Y. No individual would be necessarily categorized into one category but the whole behaviors will be in between the ends of X and Y. The characteristics of the two categories are as follows. Theory X Workers Theory Y Workers Dislike Work and avoid working as much as possible Who are lackof ambition Willing to be led by someone else than taking risk Highly seek for security and self-survival Managers will have to impose a management system of coercion, control and punishment to achieve the business objectives through such employees Highly interested in working and enjoy it Interested in taking risks and responsibilities Like to try new things and take challenges Work is considered as a source of satisfaction or punishment depending on the working conditions The management would face a challenge of creating a working environment that enable these employees to show their creativity and responsibility Elton Mayo Mayo suggested that employees are not mere considering the money and can be better motivated by giving them the opportunity to meet the social needs of the individuals. This is the Human Relationship Scholl of thought by which the managers are focused on considering more about the peoples relationship aspect understanding the how workers enjoy interactions. Mayos theory based on the extended research carried out in the Hawthorne factory of the Western Electric Company in Chicago. From that research Mayo came into conclusion that employees can be better motivated by; Effective communication among managers and workers Greater manager involvement in employees working life Working in groups or teams Accordingly it is suggested that the greater use of team work, high involvement of managers in the workers working life, and encouraged two way communication would be benefiting the companies. The Mayos theory is more closely running with the paternalistic management style. (www.selfgrowth.com/articles/Definition_Employee_Motivation.html(Accessed on 03/05/2011) Role of Other Factors It is highly considered that the way of motivating employees is the financial rewards. However there are many other aspects of the scenario that would be considered by the managers and executives to motivate their subordinates. The factors would be different on the individual basis which will need to put more effort into their work. Such factors may include followings. Organization Culture The organizational culture has a direct relationship with the employees performance and level of motivation. If the elements of the culture fit with individuals background, values, beliefs, norms and expectations then the employees are automatically willing to work in the organization. If the corporate culture is built on the teamwork, encouragement, collaboration, evaluation, then the employees is likely to be motivated to put more efforts to bring the organizational objectives accomplished. More often employees seek for their leaders direction and support, and at the same time they look for the collaboration of teammates and co-workers (Werther, Davis, Shwind, Das and Miner 1985). Relationship with Leaders The leadership style can be significantly influence the motivation of employees. The qualities of the leader will determine the extent to which the e employees are contributed to the organization. If the leader is unfair, do not provide clear instructions, and negatively look at the things then the employees will lose their desire to work hard to accomplish the goals. The organizations leaders must communicate with its employees openly so that the employees are clear about the things that they are required to do. (Source: http://tutor2u.net.business/people/motivation, (Accessed on 01/05/2011) Management Style The organizational culture, the situation and the expectations and personality of the subordinates will determine the suitable style of a manager. The characteristics of the managers style would be of no fit with the changes in the organization and the cultural changes accompanied by that change. As an example in past the authoritarian style of the managers was appreciated with the bureaucratic organizations, but today the interest is more focused on participative or empowered managers who admire the democratic policies of management. Many of the management theories are supporting the that sort of management styles such as Total Quality Management, Management by Objective, employee empowerment, self-managed work teams, etc. A comprehensive review of the management styles and their contribution to motivated work force will be presented below. Management Style Participative Management Description:Â   Share information with employees and participate them in the decision making process Employees are entrusted with the responsibility of running their own departments and determine the appropriate policies and procedures Contribution to Motivated Work Force:Â   Not suitable to adapted by every organizations and at every levels This is a remedy to the poor morale and low productivity that gain the results very soon to the organization Redistributed power will enhance the willingness to work If the culture supports and if the employees are competent enough then the participation will result in effective decisions and productive operations. Giving the employees recognition as they are important as the mangers and the stakeholders will satisfy their esteem needs. Theory X and Theory Y Description:Â   These theories are based on several assumptions. It explains two extremes of the involvement and utilizing efforts and energy to accomplish tasks by the employees Theory X explains the negative side of the performance and theory Y represents the positive side of the performance Contribution to Motivated Work Force:Â   Considering the poor performance as the total fault of the employee by Theory X and therefore employees are motivated by the extrinsic rewards such as money, promotion, appraises, etc. The low productivity is considered as the fault of the management. Theory Z Description:Â   It represents the good characteristics of the both Japanese management and the Western management styles. The theory has combined those features of the management at every level of the organizations. The characteristics of this theory included long-term employment, less specialized career path, group decision making, informal control, etc. Concerns the all levels of needs of the employees. Concerning the employee well-being satisfies the physical and security needs of the employees. Contribution to Motivated Work Force:Â   Team work and group decision making satisfy the social needs Encouragement to take risks and responsibilities will satisfy the higher level of needs such as self-esteem and self-actualization Management By Walking Around Description:Â   Managers can gather as much as possible information regarding the policies, procedures, employee matters, and other work related information Manager can maintain proper relationship with employees so that he would be considered as a counselor or advisor by the employees Contribution to Motivated Work Force:Â   Leaving decision making responsibility with the employees will achieve the fastest response time Close relationship with manager will let the employees to present their suggestions, complaints and grievances as soon as they occur Self-Managed Work Teams Description:Â   This is a derivation of the employee empowerment Contribution to Motivated Work Force:Â  The teams will comprise of about 10-15 employees who require minimum supervision Delegates the authority to decide on simple work related aspects such as how to spend money, what work to undertaken, etc Total Quality Management Description:Â   The all functions of the management are integrated to achieve a high quality product Quality is the responsibility of all employees and teamwork Contribution to Motivated Work Force:Â   The customer satisfaction is highly recognized Recognition is given from CEO to lower level employees to maintain quality Shared commitment to achieve the organizational objectives Encourages employees to grow, learn and participate in the business operations actively Encourages the continuing change and adaptation to the changing environment Management by objective Description:Â   Employees are participated in the establishing goals and objectives Overall organizational objectives are converted into employee objectives Steps are setting goals, participative decision making, implementing plans and performance feedback High involvement of the employees in decision making and goal setting related to their jobs Contribution to Motivated Work Force:Â   Managers are empowered to implement, control their plans and performance. This motivate the managers to work hard for the company Periodical review of the employees performance will give the employees a sense of completion and will let them know what the areas to be improved more are. This will induce them to take more efforts to achieve the goals established with their participation Employee Empowerment Description:Â   The organization structures are change and the decision making is lapsed with the lowest levels of the organization The objectives of the empowerment is to speed up the decision making and giving solutions to problems regarding the business operations, give employees the opportunity to grow, and to lower organizational cost to managers by assigning them to various other projects Contribution to Motivated Work Force:Â   Employees will be trained to take high responsibilities and make more accurate, effective decisions quickly A sense of belongingness of the work they are engaged in will generate within the employees They think that the company is their own one and work hard to attain day-to-day work successfully www.ehow.com/about 5387352 definition-employee-motivation.html, (Accessed on 02/05/2011) The managers are obliged to select the suitable style for managing their subordinates and work which is suited to them, their subordinated personalities and general characteristics, the department they are assigned with and in general to the whole organizational setting and its culture. Management style highly correlated with the level of performance of the employees and outcome of the operations under their control. Managers must be delegated with the certain amount of authority and then their role becomes a nature of a leader. Then he must use suitable leadership traits to motivate and direct their subordinates to achieve the departmental/organizational objectives or outcome (Mathis and Jackson 2000). Reward System A properly designed reward system must be there in the organization by which the employees can attain such benefits. Employees must have the confidence that they can be rewarded with established performance criteria of the job. Further the rewards must be fairly distributed so that the employees can clearly identified that there is no any discrepancy over them. If the rewards are based on the performance evaluation procedure then all processes may transparent and the employees must clearly see that the evaluations are put on regularly and fairly (Joseph 1989) Job Title The job title will give the respective employee an idea about his role within the company, the extent to which he can contribute the accomplishment of organizational objectives. When the employees are aware about their importance to the organization they are automatically motivated to work hard to make their job effective (Deming 1986) Monetary Benefits Whether the money is being derecognized as a positive motivator it has proven to be more effective in practice. Selecting the right remuneration package for the employees is a challenge for nowadays. A number of ways are in use to motivate employees over their work such as; Time-rate pay Peace-rate pay Performance related pay Shares and share options Bonuses Commissions Pension There are several aspects of money to be an important motivator such as; Pay helps to satisfy many other needs of person such as esteem needs, safety needs, etc It is an important cost to the company It helps to attract competent employees It helps to retain skilled and competent employees It is subjected to various legislations such as National Minimum Wage (Cherrington 1994) Motivation in Practice Case Examples The Tesco Plc The UK giant retailer, Tesco Plc has provided its large workforce to join the company as prospective shareholders. Staff is enabled to be a part of the Tescos profit by share allocation based on their performance. The number of shares allocated to each employee is determined by the number of days worked in an each period. The Department of Education The UK Departmental Education Sector is in the view that the teachers pay must be linked to their performance. In 2002 the British government introduces a performance based bonus scheme to give rise to the teachers pay and to retain the existing staff and to attract new staff to the teaching sector. Nuclear Decommissioning Authority The NDA has utilized many theoretical perspectives of the employee motivation to motivate its employees. The NDA Way shows that several phenomena which is based on the fulfillment of Maslows Hierarchy of Needs as follows. Always acting safely and responsibly Building talent and teams Challenging themselves Learning from experience Being open and transparent Confronting problems Delivering whet they promised The NDA implemented the strategies like job enrichment, job enlargement, and job rotation, empowerment to effectively affect the employees motivation to carry out the organizational objectives effectively and efficiently. Its focus was to ensure that the employees are acquiring a range of skills and proficiency making the work is more interesting and challenging. Further the company introduced the flexibility into the workforce. The NDA involved in wide range of projects which are each project is of a unique challenge. Hence the authority required people with flexible people to work in teams and willing to learn continually and to take responsibility. Their team work and relationships were based on the Mayos Human Relations School of motivation. The NDA build relationships on a win-win basis. The staff encouraged to build necessary skills and competencies to adapt the variety of the work involved by the authority. The employees are delegated with Personal Development plans with SMART objectives and provide the path to professional development as well. Conclusion Motivation is crucial factor of the success of the organization these days. There are various theories have been presented by various philosophers regarding the motivation of employees. Management, leadership, and organizational culture are key determinants among the factors affecting employee motivation. Every job has the probability of motivation or demotivation the employee. Motivation affects the every aspects of the business and strongly affects the level of productivity. Whether some philosophers have considered money as a low motivator it has a high influence of persons life and hence still it is valid as motivator. The reward system, job title, periodical performance reviews can also be considered as motivators. Many organizations have adapted the teachings of theories like Mayo, McGregor to create a motivated employee force. A motivated employee force would benefit the company by lowering the unit cost, high productivity, maintaining quality, etc. the motivation is simply the work harder to accomplish the organizational goals effectively and efficiently by its workforce. Only a motivated workforce will be able to bring the organization to a successful position in the todays dynamic competitive market environment.

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Grazing ecosystems support more herbivore biomass than any other terrestrial habitat (Sinclair 1975, Detling 1988, McNaughton et al. 1989, 1991, Huntly 1991). A functional consequence of this disparity in trophic structure emerges by comparing the relationship between aboveground production and herbivore consumption in the Serengeti and Yellowstone ecosystems with that in other terrestrial ecosystems [ILLUSTRATION FOR FIGURE 3 OMITTED]. For consumption measurements, we included plant material removed by all important herbivores, both vertebrates and invertebrates. All values were energy equivalents (kJ), converted from biomass measurements using standard conversion factors (Golley 1968). For productivity measurements, we considered only the nonwoody fraction of aboveground productivity - that is, net foliage production (NFP) - because woody production is largely unavailable to herbivores. Plotting plant production against consumption revealed that terrestrial ecosystems fall into two groups that are distinguished by the intensity of herbivory ([F.sub.1,78] = 88.2, P [less than] 0.0001; [ILLUSTRATION FOR FIGURE 3 OMITTED]). The first group includes low-herbivory habitats: desert, tundra, temperate forest, tropical forest, [TABULAR DATA FOR TABLE 1 OMITTED] and small grassland sites lacking large herbivores. The second includes the Serengeti and Yellowstone, which exhibit high herbivory rates. On average, herbivores removed 57% (SE = 3.4, n = 40) of NFP in the Serengeti and Yellowstone, whereas they removed only 9% (SE = 1.4, n = 40) of NFP in other terrestrial ecosystems. For example, only 10% (SE = 2.1, n = 14) of the aboveground production was consumed in temperate grasslands that lack large herbivores, showing that the removal of migratory grazers dramatically affects the energy dynamics of grasslands. Slopes of the relationships did not differ statistically between the two groups (P [greater than] 0.10) and were greater than 1, indicating that the proportion of available primary production consumed increased as NFP increased for both groups of habitats. The low level of dispersion of samples around the regression line characterizing plant productivity and consumption in the Serengeti and Yellowstone grasslands suggests that the relationship describes a continuum from cool, temperate to warm, tropical grazing ecosystems. Primary production is greater in... ...erlag. McNaughton SJ, Milchunas DG, Frank DA. 1996. How can net primary productivity be measured in grazing ecosystems? Ecology 77: 974-977. Meagher M. 1973. The Bison of Yellowstone National Park. National Park Service Scientific Monograph Series 1. Washington (DC): United States Department of Interior. Meagher M, Meyer ME. 1994. On the origin of brucellosis in bison of Yellowstone National Park: A review Conservation Biology 8: 645-653. Milchunas DG, Lauenroth WK. 1993. Quantitative effects of grazing on vegetation and soils over a global range of environments. Ecology 63: 327-366. Morton JK. 1972. Phytogeography of the west African mountains. Pages 221-236 in Valentine DH, ed. Taxonomy, Phytogeography, and Evolution. New York: Academic Press. Oesterheld, M, Sala OE, McNaughton SJ. 1992. Effect of animal husbandry on herbivore carrying capacity at the regional scale. Nature 356: 234-236. Peters RH. 1983. The Ecological Implications of Body Size. Cambridge (UK): Cambridge University Press. Prins HHT. 1996. Ecology and Behavior of the African Buffalo: Social Inequality and Decision Making London: Chapman & Hall. Senft RL, Coughenour MB, Bailey DW, Rittenhouse LR, Sala

Comparing Mid Term Break and Om my first Sonne Essay

1) What do we learn about children who have died? â€Å"For the first time in six weeks. paler now,† Those they leave behind them mourn them. The poets parents found it more difficult then Seamus because he didn’t know his brother that much, he had a distanced relationship. â€Å"Snow drops and candles† shows the compassion of the event, he does this by good use of symbolism. He used the snow drops to show that he died in peace as they are white and innocent like his brother. â€Å"A four foot box, a foot for every year† Only now does Seamus realize that he will only have the memory of his brother. â€Å"Wearing a poppy bruise on his left temple.† Poppies are commonly used to portray the violent, tragic death of a young person, in this case his younger brother. We also know that he got hit by a car so hard that it killed him â€Å"the bumper knocked him clear.† We know that he died on his 7th birthday, â€Å"seven years tho’ were lent to me.† No matter how protective parents are over their children there are greater forces that can determine the faith of the children that are out of the parents hands. â€Å"scap’d worlds, and fleshes rage† Jonson is telling the reader that his son has now left the real world and doesn’t have to deal with any awful things that you might come across in your lifetime. 2) What do we learn about feelings of the writers? Seamus doesn’t express any of his own feeling, Only feelings of others; Big Jim Evans to feel that the car incident to be a â€Å"hard blow†. On a literal level, it shows of the impact of car hitting the little brother whereas metaphorically, the incident could also show the emotional blow. He says â€Å"For the first time in six weeks. Paler now,† This indicates that Seamus didn’t have such a close relationship with his brother. It also suggests that the poet only had the fleeting memory of his brother as a baby and hardly ever sees him, therefore contributing largely to the fact that the poet was not grieving over his death because of their distanced relationship or because he hast come to terms with his brothers death. Mid-Term Break the family cannot accept the death. They feel that it is unjust, as the child was so young and innocent. This poem starts talking about the death using â€Å"farewell†. This hints that he is saying good-bye to his son and this is his way of letting him go. Ben Jonson uses faith to help him through the bereavement. Biblical phrases like â€Å"child of my right hand†, â€Å"my sinne was† are scattered through the text. The poet’s feelings were uncertain with doubts and sorrow. â€Å"O, could I loose all father now.† By using conditionals suggests that he is questioning his faith as he doesn’t understand why God would take away his loves one. â€Å"My sin too much hope for thee, loved boy.† Jonson doesn’t want to have any more children as the pain of losing them is overwhelming. 3) How have the writers expressed their feelings? Seamus Heaney uses indirect ways to portray grief, by describing events that happen after the death. Heaney doesn’t talk or write about how he feels, he writes about what he sees and remembers. He is keeping his emotions silent. His writing is detached because he expresses no emotion himself, and if he does it is understated and under layers of what he says. He is confused about his brothers death and reports the poem like an outsider. Alternatively, he may write like an outsider because its so tragic and he cant express his own feelings because he wont be able to come to terms with it. Ben Jonson writes On My First Sonne from a father’s point of view grieving over the death of his very young son. He uses the Iambic Pentameter which reflects the sound of a heart beat. He does this because it’s the first and last thing a human hears, this links to the birth and death of his short lived son. He also used a rhetorical question â€Å"he should envie?† He states that he is jealous of his son, because now he is closer to god in heaven. He indicates that he is a religious man. His sons death has made him question his faith which used to be so strong. The son, sitting on the right hand of his father, would remind a Christian reader of the Creed, in which the Son ‘sitteth at the right hand of God the Father Almighty; From thence he shall come to judge the quick and the dead.’

What’s New on LinkedIn †October 2015

What’s New on LinkedIn – October 2015 Exciting news! The print version of my book, How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Profile, has been uploaded to cyberspace (Ingram Spark for those in the know) and will be available any week now on Amazon. Plus, the 12th edition of the e-book of How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Profile is in the works! Thankfully for those who purchase either the print or the e-version of the book, it comes along with a link to get my free lifetime updates. LinkedIn is constantly changing, and the last several months have been no exception. Here are a few of the top changes I want you to be aware of. These will all be in the 12th edition of the e-book, and some of them made it into the print book too. Also note, I will be talking about some of these changes as well as tried and true LinkedIn strategies on Chicago’s WGN Radio with Rob Hart on Wednesday, October 28, 7:30pm Central! Tune in to WGN Radio 720 AM, WGNRadio.com or the WGN radio app. Here come the changes: 1. You can now send customized messages via mobile! Up until recently, I recommended never to connect with people via the LinkedIn mobile app because it did not support customized invitations. That advice is changing for those who have newer phones (both Android and iPhone). But be careful! The platform is not intuitive. And you must have the latest operating system installed. Since I have an iPhone now, I only have screen shots for you of how to do this on an iPhone. But you can do it with Androids too! NOTE: Never send an invitation from the People You May Know feature. These invitations can’t be customized. To send a customized invitation via iPhone 6, go to your contacts profile and click the †¦ button in the upper right (do NOT click on CONNECT!!): Then click Customize invite: And write your message. On Android devices with an updated operating system, after going to a member’s profile, tap either the Menu or More button, then Customize Invite, then write your message and Send! (If you mess up, you can always send another message with a customized invitation later.) 2. Groups There are multiple changes happening in LinkedIn groups, most of which people don’t like so much. As of September 22, 2015, LinkedIn says they have â€Å"simplified† group features and made the experience â€Å"easier.† You can view all these changes at LinkedIn’s New Groups Features help page. Some highlights: All LinkedIn groups are now private and can’t be seen by non-group members (and they are no longer searchable on Google). Conversations will automatically be posted without requiring manager approval (striking fear in the hearts of many group managers). The Promotions tab has been removed (good move- no one ever looked at it anyway)! There are no more subgroups (another good move) and you can now join up to 100 groups! You can mention people in Group conversation using the @ symbol (I believe this feature will encourage more interaction in conversations). Images can be posted to conversations. (Yay! We like pictures!) It’s also worth noting that LinkedIn fairly recently limited the number of one-to-one emails you can write to group members to 15 per month if you are not directly connected with the members. For one blogger’s opinion on the changes in LinkedIn Groups, see Donna Serdula’s article, Big Changes Coming. 3. Inbox Messaging You’ve probably noticed if you are even an infrequent user of LinkedIn that your inbox looks a lot different than it did three months ago! LinkedIn has created an Updated Messaging Features help page which will give you the details. Here’s some of what’s new: Mail is organized by conversation rather than by sent vs. received mail, so your entire conversation with someone will show up in the same place (Sent messages will have a blue background, left aligned, and received messages will have a gray background, right aligned). You can now manage your invitations from the People You May Know page. (I’m not sure of the value of this. Why move these from the messaging center?) Deleting a message really and truly deletes it. Forever. No archiving option (so be careful)! There is now a choice to Send messages by hitting the Enter key. Apparently due to this option, I’ve gotten up to five separate messages that were meant to be one single message! Hopefully the kinks in this feature will be worked out soon. 4. Introductions LinkedIn claims that you â€Å"can request to be introduced to someone from a mutual connections profile page. When you click Request an Intro, youll now be taken to a pre-populated messaging template that can be customized as needed.† This feature appears not to be working correctly. When I click on Request an Intro, I am taken to the most recent conversation in my inbox. Hopefully LinkedIn will correct this bug soon. 5. How you View Content Feeds You can now choose to organize the content feeds that come into your box either by Top Updates or Recent Updates. Go to your Home Page and click on the 3 dots below â€Å"Publish a post† to choose your preferred way of viewing current content. 6. Limit on Number of Searches Per Month Although LinkedIn hasn’t said HOW many searches each member can make per month, they have capped the number at something or another (I believe this happened in January but (slap on hand) I did not report it. Thankfully, another change is that you can now see the first and last name of everyone who appears in your search results list, rather than being blocked from seeing full information on certain members. Here’s what LinkedIn has to say about their new Commercial Use Limit on Search. Theoretically this system will do better at sussing out people who are overusing LinkedIn for commercial purposes, and making them pay for enhanced services, rather than penalizing the average user. Note I am not able to provide an image of the bar that says 30% of my searches are left, because I have not approached that limit. The waters are still safe for the average, or even the active, LinkedIn user! OK savvy LinkedIn users, have fun with all these changes. As soon as you get used to this bunch, there will be more. And if you have questions about any of these changes or others you are noticing, let me know and I’ll do my best to address them in future blogs and e-books! I do hope you’ll be able to tune in to my spot on WGN Radio this Wednesday at 7:30pm Central. I will also be speaking for the Yale Club of Chicago next Thursday, November 5 at 7:00pm Central, so if you live in Chicago please come see me LIVE! Here’s information on that event: How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Profile – with Brenda Bernstein Where:  Dentons US LLP, Downtown Chicago, 233 South Wacker Drive, Suite 5900 When:  Thursday, November 5th, 7-8:30PM RSVP: Click Here Whether you are an executive, a professional, a student or a business owner, LinkedIn plays a central role in your career path. Are you getting the value you want from your LinkedIn profile? Join us to learn the latest tips on LinkedIn in a workshop tailored specifically to you. Brenda Bernstein (’91), author of the bestselling book How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Profile, will teach you how to maximize your LinkedIn visibility and impact, while communicating your unique value to your audience. Register early and you might have the chance for Brenda to coach you on your LinkedIn profile during the session!

Politics essays

Politics essays Politics: 1.things the government does in order to guide public policy.2.means by which a conflict is dissolved. Democracy: rule by many. Government based on the will of majority. Republic: representive government- people elect representatives to make laws and govern. Only them (parliament) have the power to pass laws. People rule indirectly. Initative-citizens bring the vote forward. Ideology-coherence set of political believes. 2.Collective expression of political ideas 3.world view. 1. liberalism: *increased government intervention. We have to force sometimes things to provide freedom. (ex. With the bold guy). * No intervention in private freedom. 2. Concervative: *less intervention in economy. * Increased intervention and regulation of private lives. In order to keep moral. 3. Populists: government intervention in both aspects. 4. Libertarians- against intervention in both. Liberty negative: freedom for, to remove obstacle. Liberty positive: freedom to, to act in order to provide freedom. *Authority: the ability of individuals who are in the government to enforce public policies. *The Mayflower Compact, 1620-agreement written by pilgrams to form a government and to give it power to enact laws for the good of the colony. Purpose-for the glory of God and the advancement of the Christian faith. *Roger Williams: 1. complete separation of church and state 2. No absolute right to Indian land. Glorious revolution: resulted in the deposition of James II and the accession of William III and Mary II to the English throne. Protestants thought that he was ruling the monarchy, and trying to restore the Catolic faith. *Bill of rights: king cant do anything, unless the parlament agrees.1. major point- the power to make war and to tax is in the hands of parlament. 2. free speech provision (can tell bad things about the king). Liberty and rights in the hand ...

Food Insecurity Projects Conducted by the Following Organizations Research Paper

Food Insecurity Projects Conducted by the Following Organizations - Research Paper Example This is by encouraging the building of reserves for surplus food. The advice they offer goes a long way in promoting understanding between the countries these organizations come from, and the countries being offered assistance (Kracht and Schulz 194). As countless numbers of organizations come up, it is imperative to note the roles most of them play in eradicating food insecurity, and the growth of projects to protect the food many countries store. This paper will examine a number of such organizations, and the role they play in combatting the food insecurities experienced in most parts of the world. Also, how the world is reacting toward these organizations’ involvement in most of their activities. It is a division of the United Nations that seeks to address world health and issues that affect it. The rise in number of projects in many parts of the world to address food insecurity is part of the fundamental principles that it is run on, ever since its inception. One of the many responses that it is covering as an international organization is to address the issue of grain prices (Smith and Alderman 178). In Australia, the WHO is addressing the plight of minority groups in Australia. Some of the indigenous groups face problems with the unavailability of nutritious food. The WHO is offering these groups education as some of the projects it is undertaking in the region (Smith and Alderman 190). Manufacturers and wholesalers are urged to dispose of surplus food by the organization through the food banks present. It is one of the main organizations that helps run leading food programmes in the world. It is responsible for ensuring many nations are receiving the deserved attention when it comes to nourishing, healthy food. This is to combat the number of undernourished individuals, in the world, and mend the food situations in most protracted areas (Kracht and Schulz 199). There are crucial

Capital Funding Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Capital Funding - Essay Example Contrary to this as per the advocates of capital funding, it causes encouragement of the development of technologies, managerial expertise, and integration with the world economy, exports and higher growth. Since it is a very much controversial issue, my primary objective will be exploring the all the aspect of capital funding in new business and private sector in developing countries and also calculating possibility and to answer the hypothesis that effect of the various policies of capital funding on the development of new business and private practice in developing countries. Since this research problem needs an in depth study and it give rise to some insights to the magnitude of the capital funding I'll formulate such research questions which may help me exploring the reality of the problem. The questions will be, Since it is highly necessary to gather accurate information for giving an ample scope to my research problem, I will approach autonomous and governmental bodies like Department for international development, office of foreign common wealth offices and HM treasury. Collecting data from such bodies will help me to draw a comprehensible data related to the effect of policies in the development of new business and private practice in developing countries. ... The governments of respective countries has implemented a number of policies related to this .But The practice of imparting and accepting the fund always invites criticism as the opponents draw attention regarding imperfections, adverse results such as capital intensity of such funds, inappropriate technology ,the possible adverse on income distribution etc. Contrary to this as per the advocates of capital funding, it causes encouragement of the development of technologies, managerial expertise, and integration with the world economy, exports and higher growth. Since it is a very much controversial issue, my primary objective will be exploring the all the aspect of capital funding in new business and private sector in developing countries and also calculating possibility and to answer the hypothesis that effect of the various policies of capital funding on the development of new business and private practice in developing countries. Since this research problem needs an in depth study and it give rise to some insights to the magnitude of the capital funding I'll formulate such research questions which may help me exploring the reality of the problem. The questions will be, 1. What is the magnitude of the effectiveness of the policies in developing countries, particularly in their economic growth 2. Whether it effect positively or negatively on the development of new business and private practice 2 3. What are aims of the particular government regarding the implementation of the respective policies 4. Which are major countries who undertaken to impart funds to developing countries and whether there is particular motive

Taxation in Theory and Practice Assignment Essay

Taxation in Theory and Practice Assignment - Essay Example In addition to that, the Spinney state is in dire need of increasing its revenues. The capital saved by the wealthy individuals can be used to finance the state investment projects (Palil, 2009, p.60). Thus, individuals should be taxed annually depending on their income (GBP) as illustrated in the table below. Income(GBP) % 1-2,440 10 1-37,400 20 37,401-150,000 40 Over 150,000 50 Data source: UK Tax rates 2010-2011(http://www.worldwide-tax.com/uk/uk_taxes_rates.asp) The rate of 10% responds to the income savings of up to 2,440, whilst income dividends below 37,400GBP tax rate is 10%, whereas, income dividend of GBP 37,400-150,000 is taxed at a rate of 32.5%. Finally, those exceeding 150,000GBP should be taxed at a rate of 42.5%. In terms of social security, individuals should be deducted based on their salary. For instance, employers should be deducted a tax rate of 12.8% on salaries above 5,715 GBP, employees at a rate of 11% on salaries of GBP between 5,715-43,875 and an additional of 1% for salaries above GBP of 43,875. On the other hand, self employed should pay a tax rate of 8% for income of 5,715-43,875GBP with an additional of 1% on incomes above GBP 43,875. Corporate tax should be at a rate of 28%. For UK based resident companies, the tax rate should be 21% only if their annual profits are below 300.000GBP. Individual capital gains should be deducted at a tax rate of 18%. The mayor of spinney state should ensure transparency so that no conflict might arise when implementing the tax system. Tax Burden Distribution Regressive tax system is majorly used by numerous states. This implies that the state average rate of tax declines with income. This type of tax system moves taxes burden disproportionately to deprived individuals. In that case, it tends to limit the taxpaying burden on individuals with greater capabilities of paying. This, therefore, is an unjust agenda to the poor individuals with low income levels. Despite their low income levels, they are s upposed to pay the same amount of tax in relation to highly paid individuals. It works effectively in reference to taxes that are fixed regardless of an individual income level. For better illustrations, here is an example to drive the point home. Cigarettes taxation by state and federal is a perfect example of a regressive system. Smokers categorized as low-income pay taxation rates that are higher compared to their counterparts. Despites its limitations, it has its own advantages. The regressive system helps in freeing more investment finances from individual with high incomes. This is because their income greater portion is always saved. Alternatively, a state can employ progressive system of taxation. In this system, the percentage tax paid by an individual increases with income. Thus, the more you earn, the more you pay relieving burden from deprived individuals. For instance, an individual earning 120,000 pounds will pay a tax rate of 12,000 pounds (10% tax rate), whilst one w ith 20,000 will pay a tax of 1,600pounds (8% tax rate). Unlike progressive taxation, regressive taxation operates in a way that tax reduces with income increase. Thus, in progressive tax system, tax paid proportion, increases as income rises. There is no tax that can be proportional as individuals cannot pay the same level and amount of tax. United Kingdom with Different tax rate In the

Make a website Essay Example for Free

Make a website Essay This is an output device which prints onto paper whatever are you require to be outputted it produces them as hard copies. Printers are designed to produce hard copies at a very fast rate many printers are able to print at the rate of 30 hard copies in 30 minutes. Laser Printer This machine produces high quality text and graphics hard copies at a very rapid rate they are able to print around 12 000 hard copies in an hour. Laser printer do not use ink cartridges they use toner instead due to the size of the machine and it is designed to print many hard copies at a rapid. Advantages. Prints hard copies very rapidly.   You get very good quality. Toner last a very long time. Disadvantages   Takes up a lot of space. Very expensive to buy. p2. tech. re4. yahoo. com/ /153285 Inkjet Printer This printer which works by dots it drops the ink onto the sheet of paper to create a hardcopy. This printer works by propelling small ink droplets onto sheets of paper. Ink jet printers use one of these types of technology: thermal, piezoelectric, and continuous. They all produce different quality of prints. Advantages   Produces very good quality hard copies.   Is very easy to use. Cheap Disadvantages Is slow doesnt print very quickly   Can break very easily not a very stable machine.   Not good for big business or large amounts of prints. www. cyberindian. net/ / Scanners- the scanner will be used to scan images into the computer for the website This is a machine which copies information into the computer for you to see on the Monitor. This device converts an image into a pattern of dots for the computer to understand and be able to store, it can convert images and text. Advantages   Very useful if you want to view your images on the Monitor. Cheap and easy buy. Disadvantages   Not always very good quality, the image is not very clear.   Quite big can take of space. Can take a while to scan images or text. www. photokina-show. com/news/epson/PERFECTION Digital Cameras- the digital camera will be used for taking pictures which will be uploaded onto the website This is a device which captures an image of what you are looking at through a lens. A light-sensitive pickup pipe or chip to adapt visual indicator into electrical impulses. Advantages   You can see the picture straight away.   You can delete and edit the picture. You dont need a film you can have unlimited amounts of pictures. Disadvantages   Can be expensive to buy. Run out of battery very easily. thecamerabloggers. com/ Graphics tablet- the graphics tabley will be used to draw images for the website This is a piece of hardware which lets you draw things with a pen and appear on the monitor It is an input device which works just like pen and paper however your image is transferred onto the computer. There is a flat base which acts as your sheet of paper this is called the tablet it is connected to the computer so that the image that you draw appears on the screen. The pen acts as your pencil used for drawing the image you create on the tablet appears on the monitor. Advantages   Lets you have images how you wan them to be.   Very good for drawing images. Disadvantages   Very expensive to buy and find.   Can lose pen very easily as it is not attached by a wire.   Can be hard to use. You do not always get what you want. www. logo. com/cat/view/volito-tablet. html Speakers- the speakers will be for the sound effects used on the website This is a piece of output device which allows you to be able to hear whatever you require to hear. It converts electrical signals into to sound signals which you hear through the speaker. Sometimes can be referred to as a loud speaker. Advantages   Hear sounds or anything spoken   Cheap and easy to use. Disadvantages Can break very easily.   Not designed for long-term use. www. global-b2b-network. com/b2b/96/97/519 What I will use and why Mouse I will use a optical mouse because a tracker ball can take some time to understand how to use were as a optical mouse is very easy to use as this is the most widely used mouse. I choose an optical mouse instead of a roller ball mouse because it can break easily due to its weak structure and the ball can get clogged up with dirt so it would not be very long lasting. This is why I have choosen to use an optical mouse. Keyboard I have choosen to use a QWERTY keyboard over a DVORAK keyboard for one main reason that it is much easier to use compared to a DVORAK keyboard which would take time to learn how to use. Another reason was that QWERTY keyboards are much easier to get hold of compared to DVORAK keyboards which also can be very expensive to buy. Monitor I will use a LCD monitor over a TFT-LCD because LCD monitors give much better quality than TFT-LCD monitors. Also a TFT-LCD is expensive so if stolen I there will be a great deal of money loss. It also can be much more easily broken compared to a LCD monitor. Printer I will use a laser printer instead of an inkjet printer because laser printers are capable of doing many prints at a very high quality rate. Also they are much more long lasting compared to an inkjet printer which would save me having to but a new printer every few months. Other pieces of hardware I will use a Digital camera instead of a graphics tablet. This is because with the graphics tablet I will only be able to draw very basic things which would be very well suited for a website. However with a camera I can capture very good quality pictures for a website which will look much more professional. I will also use a speaker for sound effects on my website as it will make the website appear more professional and an excellent feature.